12/30/2023 0 Comments Singlecrystal 2.3![]() This information is widely used to analyze the properties of elements and their behavior in molecular chemical structures. With CrystalDiffract, you can also see the refraction of neutron particles and X-rays on your screen. These images are created interactively and have a high visual appeal. ![]() Diamond has the highest room temperature thermal conductivity of. With the help of the SingleCrystal tool of this collection, you can prepare all kinds of stereographic images and symmetrical elements and compare them with other structures. In single-crystal diamond free from macroscopic defects. The data required for this program can be obtained from several valid information sources, including databases of protein structures, CIF, GSAS, SHELX, and… The images produced by this program have a high resolution and you can easily print on different dimensions of the paper. This program is easy to use and in an attractive graphical environment, you can use a mouse to study and analyze various chemical structures. In addition to research purposes, the use of this software will create more interest and education for students. If you are a chemistry teacher in the classroom, you can use this software to show molecular structures in three dimensions, animated and separated with different colors while teaching. This will definitely help you to understand the lesson better. You can also save the generated animations in the form of quality video files and make them available to students or enthusiasts. This visual display is in three dimensions and with interesting animations that will make a better understanding of these structures. With the help of this program, chemists and enthusiasts can observe and analyze the molecular structure of various materials and compounds in a visual, fully interactive, and interactive way. 192, 1300–1307 (2017).CrystalMaker is a powerful program for analyzing molecular and crystal structures. Gerasimenko, “Fe:ZnMnSe laser active material at 78–300 K: Spectroscopic properties and laser generation at 4.2–5.0 μm,” J. Zhavoronkov, “Luminescent and lasing characteristics of polycrystalline Cr:Fe:ZnSe exited at 2.09 and 2.94 μm wavelengths,” Laser Phys. Hang, “Preparation, spectroscopic characterization and energy transfer investigation of iron-chromium diffusion co-doped ZnSe for mid-IR laser applications,” Opt. Mirov, “Mid-IR photoluminescence of Fe 2+ and Cr 2+ ions in ZnSe crystal under excitation in charge transfer bands,” Opt. Mirov, “Mid-IR laser oscillation via energy transfer in the Co:Fe:ZnS/Se co-doped crystals,” Proc. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “Mid-lasing of iron–cobalt co-doped ZnS(Se) crystals via Co–Fe energy transfer,” J. Shapkin, and V. V. Shchurov, “Fe 2+:ZnSe laser pumped by a nonchain electric-discharge HF laser at room temperature,” Quantum Electron. Badikov, “Bulk Fe:ZnSe laser gain-switched by the Q-switched Er:YAG laser,” Proc. Vasilyev, “Progress in mid-IR lasers based on Cr and Fe-doped II–VI chalcogenides,” IEEE J. ![]() Circular wafers made of silicon are used as substrate in most MEMS sensors. Gapontsev, “Progress in Cr and Fe doped ZnS/Se mid-IR CW and femtosecond lasers,” Proc. Single crystal silicon is the most widely used semiconductor material as a substrate material due to its excellent machinability, mechanical stability, and the potential to combine sensing elements and electronics on the same substrate. Frolov, “Efficient IR Fe:ZnSe laser continuously tunable in the spectral range from 3.77 to 4.40 μm,” Quantum Electron. Voronov, “3.77–5.05-μm tunable solid-state lasers based on Fe 2+-doped ZnSe crystals operating at low and room temperatures,” IEEE J. Payne, “4.0–4.5-μm lasing of Fe:ZnSe below 180 K, a new mid-infrared laser material,” Opt. The Fe 2+ ions output pulses were quite stable in amplitude and temporal domain in both excitation modes with beam profile close to the fundamental transversal mode. The Fe 2+ ions oscillation wavelength was observed to shift with temperature increase from ~4.4 μm at 78 K to ~4.5 μm at 150 K. Laser generation at 2.3 μm was observed up to 340 K while Fe 2+ ions oscillations stopped for temperatures above ~150 K. ![]() In the Cr 2+ → Fe 2+ energy transfer mode, the maximum output energy was 20 μJ at 4.4 μm. The output energy for Cr 2+ ions lasing at 2.3 μm was up to 900 μJ while Fe 2+ ions lasing at 4.4 μm reached up to 60 μJ in the intracavity pumping mode. intracavity pumping of Fe 2+ ions by Cr 2+ ions as well as excitation through the Cr 2+ → Fe 2+ ions energy transfer mechanism, were demonstrated. Under pumping by a Q-switched Er:YLF laser at 1.73 μm, the oscillations of Cr 2+ ions at 2.3 μm as well as Fe 2+ ions at 4.4 μm were realized. Novel Cr 2+ and Fe 2+ co-doped Zn 1– xMn xSe ( x = 0.3) crystal with Cr 2+ to Fe 2+ ions concentration ratio of about 1 : 2 (both doping ions concentration were at the ~10 18 cm –3 level) with a good optical quality was synthesized.
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